The role of weed seed contamination in grain commodities as propagule pressure

The international grain trade is a major pathway for the introduction of alien plants because commodities can be contaminated with various weed seeds. To evaluate how seeds derived from imported affect local flora in trading ports, we conducted floristic survey at each 10 landing ports and non-grain throughout Japan to compare between these two types ports. We also surveyed seed contamination wheat into Japan, rate was calculated species based on our previous studies contamination. clearly differed In were more abundant than There tendency show higher levels commodities. These results indicate that contaminant spill most common are likely become established. plays an important role propagule pressure. Gathering information about prevalence weeds grain-exporting countries monitoring composition becoming increasingly predicting unintentional troublesome identifying effective management options.